Paying Yourself – What is Considered Reasonable Compensation by the IRS?

by Amanda Domitrowich

A corporation can deduct the compensation that it pays, but not its dividend payments. Thus, if funds are withdrawn as dividends, they’re taxed twice, once to the corporation and once to the recipient. Money paid out as compensation is taxed only once, to the employee who receives it.

However, there’s a limit on how much money you can take out of the corporation in this way. The law says that compensation can be deducted only to the extent that it’s reasonable. Any unreasonable portion is nondeductible and, if paid to a shareholder, may be taxed as if it were a dividend. As a practical matter, IRS rarely raises the issue of unreasonable compensation unless the payments are made to someone “related” to the corporation, such as a shareholder or a member of a shareholder’s family.

How much compensation is “reasonable”? There’s no simple formula. IRS tries to determine the amount that similar companies would pay for comparable services under like circumstances. Factors that are taken into account include:

• the employee’s duties;
• the amount of time required to perform those duties;
• the employee’s ability and accomplishments;
• the complexities of the business;
• the gross and net income of the business;
• the employee’s compensation history; and
• the corporation’s salary policy for all its employees.

There are a number of concrete steps you can take to make it more likely that the compensation you earn will be considered “reasonable,” and therefore deductible by your corporation. For example, you can:

• Use the minutes of the corporation’s board of directors to contemporaneously document the reasons for the amount of compensation paid. For example, if compensation is being increased in the current year to make up for earlier years in which it was too low, be sure that the minutes reflect this. (Ideally, the minutes for the earlier years should reflect that the compensation paid in those years was at a reduced rate.)
• Avoid paying compensation in direct proportion to the stock owned by the corporation’s shareholders. This looks too much like a disguised dividend and will probably be treated as such by IRS.
• Keep compensation in line with what similar businesses are paying their executives (and keep whatever evidence you can get of what others are paying—such as salary offers to your executives from comparable companies—to support what you pay if you’re later questioned).
• If the business is profitable, be sure to pay at least some dividends. This avoids giving the impression that the corporation is trying to pay out all of its profits as compensation.

As in most tax situations, planning ahead avoids problems later. Contact our office today to discuss this or any other aspect of your current or deferred compensation strategies.

Create Online Tax Accounts Now!

by Kassandra Cristobal

Have you created your online accounts with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Franchise Tax Board (FTB) yet? We encourage ALL of our clients to create or update their online accounts with the IRS and relevant state tax agencies. With online accounts, taxpayers gain access to important tax information including balances due, payments made, tax records, and more.

In many cases, you can locate or request relevant information via your online account which will minimize or eliminate the need to sit on hold with tax agencies. Plus, account creation takes just a few minutes! Individual taxpayers have the ability to create both Federal IRS and California FTB accounts, however businesses are only able to create California FTB accounts at this time.

The following and more can be done via your online accounts:

Both IRS and FTB:

• View account balance, including taxes due from prior year returns
• Make electronic payments and create payment plans
• View tax payment history, including past estimated tax payments
• View Notices and Letters of correspondence
• View and authorize Power of Attorney (POA) for outside parties

IRS:

• View tax records relating to advance payments of the Child Tax Credit and Economic Impact Payments (EIPs)

FTB:

• View past copies of your California tax returns
• Send a secure message to an FTB representative with questions regarding your account
• Authorize Full Online Account Access for your tax professional representative(s)
• View tax payment history, including the new Pass-Through Entity (PTE) Elective Tax payment

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Federal IRS

Log-In Page: https://www.irs.gov/payments/your-online-account

The IRS has partnered with ID.me, an IRS-trusted technology provider, to provide identity verification for IRS applications. Individual taxpayers and tax professionals are required to verify with ID.me for a secure login.

Please note, existing IRS username and passwords no longer work as of Summer 2022. As such, we suggest creating an ID.me account and completing the identity verification process now.

How to sign-up:

Select “Sign in to your Online Account” and either create a new account or sign-in using a previous login.

If you have an existing ID.me account from a state government or federal agency, you can sign-in without verifying your identity again. If you’re a new user, you’ll have to create a new ID.me account.

To create your account, you will need:

• A valid email address.
• Your birthdate.
• Your Social Security Number (SSN).
• Your current mailing address.
• Your mobile phone number (must be a smart phone with internet and texting capabilities)
• Your ID (driver’s license, passport, or state ID)

Tips for creating your ID.me account:

• Make sure you have access to a computer, your smartphone, and your email. You’ll be asked to go between all 3 in order to verify your identity.
• You’ll need to use your smartphone to take a photo of your ID.
• You’ll need to use your smartphone or your computer’s webcam to take a computer-generated selfie photo.

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California FTB

Log-In Page: https://www.ftb.ca.gov/myftb/index.asp

Step-by-step Instructions: https://www.ftb.ca.gov/myftb/help/how-to-guides/individuals/register.pdf

How to sign-up:

You must have a recent California tax return on file in order to register for a MyFTB Individual account. If you filed a joint tax return, you must each register for a separate MyFTB Individual account.

To create your account, you will need:

• A valid email address.
• Your Social Security Number (SSN).
• Your current mailing address.
  • Important! If you moved since you filed your last tax return, call the FTB to update your mailing address before you register for a MyFTB account, (800) 852-5711.
• Information from a filed California tax return for one of the last five tax years.

After you create your account, you will receive a letter in the mail containing a Personal Identification Number (PIN). The PIN will be mailed via the United States Postal Service within 3 to 5 business days. Please allow 10 business days to receive the PIN. You have 21 days from the date you register to enter your PIN to activate your account.

This is a one-time use PIN is used to activate your MyFTB account. You will not need it again to login. You will need to enter this PIN online in order to activate and gain access to your account.

Please note: Individual taxpayers also have the option of activating their account via online “personal question” screening instead of the mailed PIN.

How to Estimate a Company’s Obligation to Collect Sales Tax Under South Dakota v Wayfair (17-494, 06/21/2018, U.S.)

by: Tony Pimentel

Wayfair sold products to South Dakota residents, however, it did not collect sales tax as it did not have a physical presence in South Dakota.  Under the physical presence test, it did not have to do so. South Dakota could have subpoenaed the required data and collected the use tax from its citizens, but it decided it was much easier to file suit to force Wayfair to collect the tax. The Supreme Court sided with South Dakota and ordered Wayfair to collect the tax based on the enabling statute.

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